1855 Wairarapa earthquake It killed between five and nine people in Wellington, Manawatu and Wairarapa and radically altered the landscape of the Wellington region. [6]. Deaths from earthquakes includes direct deaths from the event plus those from secondary impacts (such as a tsunami triggered by an earthquake). 23 January 1855. Land was reclaimed to form what is now the central city. The earthquake was associated with the rupturing of approximately 150 km (93 mi) of the Wairarapa Fault. GeoNet is a collaboration between the Earthquake ↑ "Where were New Zealand's largest earthquakes?". 23 January: The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake causes extensive damage but few deaths. The uplift of the northwestern side of Wellington Harbour rendered many of the jetties in the harbour unusable, although this new area of land provided a new rail and road route to the north. The earthquake was one of the main reasons why houses in Wellington were mostly rebuilt in timber rather than brick. The Wellington Fault is an active seismic fault in the southern part of the North Island of New Zealand. Wellington experienced severe shaking but the resulting damage was reduced as the city had been extensively rebuilt following the 1848 Marlborough earthquake using mainly wooden structures; only one recorded fatality (in a brick building) occurred. The 1888 North Canterbury earthquake occurred at 4:10 am on 1 September following a sequence of foreshocks that started the previous evening, and whose epicentre was in the North Canterbury region of the South Island of New Zealand. On 23 January 1855 the region was hit by the strongest earthquake recorded in New Zealand, which reached Magnitude 8.1 on the Richter Scale. NT 11/12/2012 7.1 Banda Sea earthquake, felt in Darwin New Zealand MBo 16/10/1848 7.8 3 1848 Marlborough earthquake on dextral Awatere Fault. Two people died in a fissure in the Manawatū. The moment magnitude of the earthquake has been estimated as 8.2, the most powerful recorded in New Zealand since systematic European colonisation began in 1840. The ground level at Pauatahanui, Lowry Bay, and to the east of Lake Wairarapa was also raised, but it is possible that this was caused by material being deposited, rather than tectonic uplift. The epicentre was approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of Hanmer. The 8.2–8.3 M w Wairarapa earthquake claims between five and nine lives near the Cook Strait area of New Zealand. During the great Wairarapa earthquake of 1855, Charles was caught in the Hutt Valley at a friend’s house, which fell down around their ears. The 2014 Eketahuna earthquake struck at 3:52 pm on 20 January, centred 15 km east of Eketahuna on the south-east of New Zealand's North Island. [7] Reports identify at least another four people (possibly as many as eight) as having died in the surrounding countryside during the earthquake. [1] (Maori elders said there was no record in their traditions of an earlier shock which was as great.) The June 2011 Christchurch earthquake was a shallow magnitude 6.0 Mw earthquake that occurred on 13 June 2011 at 14:20 NZST. Apr 19, 1902. Wairarapa earthquake Happened in 1855 - 7-9 people died 1863. The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake. It killed between five and nine people in Wellington, Manawatū and Wairarapa and radically altered the landscape of the Wellington region. Find out more on Te Ara. Retrieved 22 November 2016. There is strong evidence that the earthquake generated a local tsunami and it is also possible that small tsunami accompanied some aftershocks. The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake . Ref #: B-103-016], The large landslide shown in C. E. Goldâs painting is still visible on the Hutt Road today. In the Wairarapa, several Māori (their reported number varies from two to six), were killed when a wharecollapsed. Akl 23 Jun 1891 5.5- 6.0 Waikato Heads earthquake caused MM5-6 shaking in Auckland Cant 16/11/1901 6.8 1 The earthquake caused extensive damage to buildings, and a 36-hour fire in central Napier which gutted almost 11 blocks. It forms part of the North Island Fault System, which accommodates the transfer of displacement along the oblique convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and Pacific Plate. There was one death in Wellington, on 24 June. Cause: Earthquake in Wairarapa; The 9:32pm, 23 January 1855 M 8.2 Wairarapa earthquake generated New Zealand’s largest historical locally-generated tsunami. Wairarapa (magnitude 8.2): This is the most powerful recorded earthquake in New Zealand and resulted from movement at least 140 kilometres along the Wairarapa Fault, on the eastern edge of the Rimutaka Range. The earthquake was felt as far away as the Malay peninsula and the eastern part of Java. GNS Science. [11]. [1] This earthquake was associated with the largest observed movement on a strike-slip fault, maximum 18 metres (59 ft). Between 7 and 9 people were killed in the earthquake, and 5 others sustained injuries that required hospitalisation. [3] April: James McKenzie is found guilty of stealing 1000 sheep and sentenced to five years hard labour in Lyttelton. The Hope Fault is an active dextral strike-slip fault in the northeastern part of South Island, New Zealand. The magnitude 8 Wairarapa, New Zealand, earthquake of 1855 was associated with surface rupture along the Wairarapa fault and regional uplift of the southwest of the North Island. [4] The earthquake occurred on the Wairarapa Fault which is part of the NIFS. The shock was felt across almost the whole country, and was highly destructive in Wellington (MM 10), and severely damaging in Whanganui and Kaikoura. The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake had an estimated magnitude of 8.2 on the Richter scale, making it the largest recorded earthquake in New Zealand. The largest earthquake recorded in New Zealand occurred in 1855, when Wairarapa to the east of Wellington was struck by a Magnitude 8.2. The slip is still visible today along the Hutt Road. Earthquake-related deaths were caused by building damage (431 deaths, 88%), ground damage (34 deaths, 7%), or other causes (24 deaths, 5%). Contemporary accounts put these at 10, compared to 17 in the 1929 Murchison earthquake and 256 in the 1931 Napier earthquake. Rapid residential development took place from the 1880s into the 1920s, spurred by commercial and industrial growth and improved access. The 1855 earthquake occurred on the Wairarapa Fault which is part of the North Island Fault System.. 24 June 1942. Wairarapa settlers were always alert to the dangers of earthquake. It forms part of the Marlborough Fault System, which accommodates the transfer of displacement along the oblique convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and Pacific Plate, from the transform Alpine Fault to the Hikurangi Trench subduction zone. 23 January 1855. Commission, Creative Commons It was centred at a depth of 7 km (4.3 mi), about 5 km (3 mi) south-east of Christchurch, which had previously been devastated by a magnitude 6.2 MW earthquake in February 2011. The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake and tsunami leaves nine dead in New Zealand. Land was reclaimed to form what is now the central city. Caused by movement along a fault in Palliser Bay, it altered the landscape of the Wellington region and affected its subsequent urban development. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Damage to at least 95 unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings resulted in 272 deaths, and damage to five reinforced concrete (RC) buildings resulted in 145 deaths. It is a dextral strike-slip fault with a component of uplift to the northwest as expressed by the Rimutaka Range. In early 1855 there was an earthquake in the centre of Cook Strait, thought to be of a magnitude of about 8.1-8.2, the largest in human memory. GeoNet content is copyright GNS Science and is Researchers study the effects of the 1855 Wairarapa Earthquake to find clues about what may happen next time. The Awatere Fault is an active dextral strike-slip fault in the northeastern part of South Island, New Zealand. Most of the fault system consists of dextral strike-slip faults, although towards its northeastern end the trend swings to more S-N trend and the faults become mainly oblique normal in sense as the zone intersects with the Taupo rift zone. In 1855 an earthquake (The "1855 Wairarapa earthquake") struck the area, raising the coastline and creating flat land for settlement in and around the harbour. Due to its size, it had a considerable impact on the geography of the region. In the North Island the displacement is mainly taken up along the Kermadec subduction zone, although the remaining dextral strike-slip component of the relative plate motion is accommodated by the North Island Fault System (NIFS). In 1855 an earthquake (The "1855 Wairarapa earthquake") struck the area, raising the coastline and creating flat land for settlement in and around the harbour. This information can then be used to quantify the seismic hazard of an area. Its epicenter was near Cañete, Chile. It forms part of the North Island Fault System, which accommodates the transfer of displacement along the oblique convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and Pacific Plate. ↑ "Where were New Zealand's largest earthquakes?". Quetzaltenango, Guatemala 1902 Guatemala earthquake struck on April 18, 1902 at 20:23:50 hrs. It is a dextral (right-lateral) strike-slip fault with variable amounts of vertical movement causing uplift to the northwest, as expressed by a series of ranges. The shaking also created numerous slump cracks in flat areas of Wellington, the Hutt Valley, Wairarapa, and in the Manawatu district. Wairarapa earthquake earthquake Earthquake of 1855 The 1848 earthquake, centred in Marlborough, caused great damage to the brick and masonry buildings in Wellington, and the city was rebuilt mainly in wood; consequently it suffered comparatively little damage in the 8.2 magnitude earthquake of 1855, which lifted the land 2–3m. January 27 – The Panama Railway becomes the first railroad to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Nearly 200 historical accounts have been examined and analysed in order to determine the effects of the magnitude 8+ 1855 Wairarapa, New Zealand, earthquake. The largest recorded earthquake to have hit New Zealand rocked Wellington and the Wairarapa at 9:11pm, on 23 January 1855. Intensity of the earthquake. The sole casualty in Wellington was Baron von Alzdorf, who died when a brick chimney in his hotel collapsed. Due to data availability, reporting and evidence, it's expected that more recent data will be more complete than the long historical record. Archived from the original on 16 July 2014. There have been a few subsequent earthquakes of just under magnitude 8 including the Hawke’s Bay earthquake of magnitude 7.8; there were 258 fatalities. [2]. Wai 23/01/1855 8.2 9 5 1855 Wairarapa earthquake. ↑ "GeoNet – Quakes". This was the first earthquake in New Zealand over magnitude 7 for which written records exist, and the first for which deaths were recorded. The 1855 Wairarapa Earthquake was a significant event in the lives of the people affected. Story: Historic earthquakes — Te Ara "In Māori tradition Rūaumoko, god of earthquakes, caused rumblings and shaking as he walked about, and European arrivals soon experienced the frightening power of the land they hoped to settle. During the great Wairarapa earthquake of 1855, Charles was caught in the Hutt Valley at a friend’s house, which fell down around their ears. Archived from the original on 16 July 2014. 1855 Wairarapa earthquake On 23 January a magnitude 8.2 earthquake struck the lower North Island. [5] Geomorphological evidence, particularly the uplifted beach ridges observed at Turakirae Head, appears to record three previous coseismic uplifts of the Rimutaka Range caused by earthquakes similar in magnitude to the 1855 event, with a recurrence interval of about 2200 years. The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake . The 1855 Wairarapa Earthquake Symposium i PREFACE John Townend, Organising Committee Chair Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington … The 1848 Marlborough earthquake was a 7.5 earthquake that occurred at 1:40 a.m. on 16 October 1848 and whose epicenter was in the Marlborough region of the South Island of New Zealand. On 23 Jan 1855 a magnitude 8.2 earthquake struck here, killing between 5-9 people in the Wairarapa and Wellington. Retrieved 3 September 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2011. [Denton, Frank J, 1869-1963. [10] New Zealand's National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research created an animated tsunami simulation model based on the 1855 Wairarapa event, which was screened on the television tele-drama "Aftershock". 1855 The first bridge over the Mississippi River opens in what is now Minneapolis, a … In these areas the earthquake also triggered sandblows and the eruption of groundwater at the surface, the result of massive pressure increases underground that were caused by the shaking. The epicentre is estimated to have been within a zone extending 50 km northeast from Whanganui towards Taihape. In 1855 a magnitude 8.2 earthquake – the most powerful ever recorded in New Zealand – rocked the southern part of the North Island. The Wairarapa Fault is an active seismic fault in the southern part of the North Island of New Zealand. He is pardoned the following year. Wairarapa earthquake, 1855. 23 January: The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake causes extensive damage but few deaths. Surprisingly few people were injured. It seeks to understand which faults are responsible for seismic activity in an area by analysing a combination of regional tectonics, recent instrumentally recorded events, accounts of historical earthquakes and geomorphological evidence. Between 7 and 9 people were killed in the earthquake, and 5 others sustained injuries that required hospitalisation. GNS Science. Felt over 200,000 km2 . The earthquake originated on the Wairarapa Fault and caused extensive faulting and uplift in epicentral areas. GNS Science has this earthquake catalogued and places the epicenter 35 km east of Taihape, near the border of Hawke's Bay. One … & Walsh, J.J. (2007). Some small shakes were recorded in the region but it was not until 1904 that another moderately large earthquake occurred. licensed under a Creative Commons Wai 23/01/1855 8.2 9 5 1855 Wairarapa earthquake. The latter was most dramatic at Muka Muka, on the western side of Palliser Bay, where the ground was raised by 2.7m. The 1855 earthquake occurred on the Wairarapa Fault which is part of the North Island Fault System. Orpheus shipwreck Happened in 1863 - 189 people died 1886. The earthquake measured 8.2 on the Richter scale and was centred in the south-west Wairarapa along the Wairarapa Fault, about 25 kilometres from Wellington. 7–9 deaths. They include the Wairarapa Fault and Wellington Fault to the southwest, the Ruahine and Mohaka Faults in the central section and the Waimana, Waiotahi, Whakatane and Waiohau Faults to the northeast. Cause: Earthquake in Wairarapa; The 9:32pm, 23 January 1855 M 8.2 Wairarapa earthquake generated New Zealand’s largest historical locally-generated tsunami. The earthquake originated on the Wairarapa Fault and caused extensive faulting and uplift in epicentral areas. The June quake was preceded by a magnitude 5.9 ML tremor that struck the region at a slightly deeper 8.9 km (5.5 mi). The quake, estimated at magnitude 8.2, raises parts of the Wellington harbour foreshore by as much as 6 metres. In 1855 a magnitude 8.2 earthquake – the most powerful ever recorded in New Zealand – rocked the southern part of the North Island. January 26 – The Point No Point Treaty is signed in the Washington Territory. The 1843 Whanganui earthquake occurred on 8 July at 16:45 local time with an estimated magnitude of 7.5 on the Mw scale. Intensity of the earthquake. The 1848 Marlborough earthquake was caused by rupture of the whole of the eastern section of the Awatere Fault. It killed between five and nine people in Wellington, Manawatū and Wairarapa and radically altered the landscape of the Wellington region. Attribution 3.0 New Zealand License, Earthquake The 1855 Bursa earthquake occurred on 28 February, with an estimated magnitude of 7.02±0.64 M w A devastating precursor quake that took place in Kemalpaşa, a town of Bursa, Turkey caused severe destruction all over Bursa and other neighboring cities. Mount Tarawera eruption Happened in 1886 - 120 people died 1896. Quetzaltenango, Guatemala 1902 Guatemala earthquake struck on April 18, 1902 at 20:23:50 hrs. "Historic earthquakes – The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake". It remained the single largest earthquake to strike Hawke's Bay until 1931, where a magnitude 7.8 quake leveled much of Napier and Hastings and killed 256 people. The first large earthquake that they had felt had taken place on 16 October 1… Now covered in vegetation, the slip is distinguished by its slope, which is shallower than the surrounding hills. It forms part of the Marlborough Fault System, which accommodates the transfer of displacement along the oblique convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and Pacific Plate, from the transform Alpine Fault to the Hikurangi Trench subduction zone. There were five deaths. Read more. Intensity of the earthquake. For many of them, it would have had a 360 degree impact; concern for the safety of family and friends; damage to homes and possessions; and disruption to shops and businesses affecting both livelihoods, and access to essential goods and services. [GNS Science], Lambton Quay, Wellington, looking south from Brandon's Corner 1860. Caused by movement along a fault in Palliser Bay, it altered the landscape of the Wellington region and affected its subsequent urban development. Retrieved 22 November 2016. The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake and tsunami leaves nine dead in New Zealand. New Zealand lies along the boundary between the Australian and Pacific Plates. 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