Phylogenetic systematics of Berberidaceae and Ranunculales (Magnoliidae). The Oregon grape is a bushy perennial plant with shiny leaves that resemble holly. Michigan Medicine: University of Michigan staff. Extensive medical research data has shown that Oregon grape may be safe and effective for the treatment of psoriasis (a common skin condition that causes skin cells to form scales and itchy, sometimes painful red patches). The flowers are yellow and quite fragrant which attracts pollinators during the spring. 2008;57(5):712‐717. It is an evergreen shrub growing 1 m (3 ft) to 3 m (10 ft) tall by 1.5 m (5 ft) wide, with pinnate leaves consisting of spiny leaflets, and dense clusters of yellow flowers in early spring, followed by dark bluish-black berries. Cleavers (G. aparine): Benefits, Side Effects, Dosage, and Interactions, The Benefits of Coptis Chinensis (Huang Lian), Pueraria Mirifica: Uses for Women's Health, What You Need to Know About Shepherd's Purse, Efficacy of berberine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Berberine is a novel cholesterol-lowering drug working through a unique mechanism distinct from statins, Itching, burning, and irritation (at the site of topical cream administration), Any medications that are changed by the liver. Mahonia berries are covered in a whitish coating. The golden yellow roots of the plant are used for its medicinal properties. It is also occasionally printed as "Oregongrape". It’s important to note that there are limited clinical research study results available on the safety and health benefits of Oregon grape. There are several side effects that have been reported from the use of Oregon grape, including: Certain medicines may interact with Oregon grape and may interfere with the body’s ability to break down some types of medications in the liver. Morphology: Oregon Grape is an evergreen shrub which can grow to a height of 7’-10’ and up to 5’ wide. [22], Oregon-grape is the state flower of Oregon.[23]. The herb has traditionally been used for maladies including, eye infections, acne, athlete's foot, gastrointestinal issues, skin conditions, and more, though there is limited scientific research on these claims. Its spikes of fragrant, lemon yellow flowers bloom from fall through winter, and will add a jolt to any shady bed. 2004;10(12):1344‐1351. [5], Numerous cultivars and hybrids have been developed, of which the following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:[14], The small purplish-black fruits, which are quite tart and contain large seeds, are included in small quantities in the traditional diets of Pacific Northwest indigenous peoples, mixed with salal or another sweeter fruit. Transfer of specific and infraspecific taxa from, Laferrière, Joseph E. 1997. Low Oregon Grape (Mahonia nervosa) Low Oregon Grape’s leathery leaves dapple the shady nooks of forests stretching from the Pacific Coast to the foothills of the Cascades. 1989. Berberine is thought to slow down the mobility of the intestinal tract in those with diarrhea; it also inhibits the growth of bacteria and enhances immune cell properties, helping to prevent infections (particularly throat, intestinal, and urinary tract infections). The root of Oregon grape has been used as herbal medicine to treat many maladies including colds, flu, herpes, hepatitis, syphilis, stomach upset, cancer, skin disorders, yeast infections, and more. Transfer of specific and infraspecific taxa from, Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau, "Berberis aquifolium, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Some Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau use Oregon grape for indigestion. Mahonia aquifolium, the Oregon grape, is a species of flowering plant in the family Berberidaceae, native to western North America. Full to partial sun. A 10% Mahonia aquifolium (Oregon grape) extract topical cream used to treat patients indicated that Mahonia aquifolium is a safe and effective treatment of patients with mild to moderate psoriasis 5. Oregon grape is most notably found in western North America. The flowers, borne in dense clusters in late spring, are yellow, and are followed by spherical dark dusty blue berries, which give rise to the common name "Oregon grape".[7]. Studies have shown that the active ingredient, berberine, contained in Oregon grape has effectively been used to treat diarrhea caused by E. coli infections. The leathery leaves resemble those of holly and the stems and twigs have a thickened, corky appearance. Mahonia nervosa Cascade, Long-leaved, or Dull Oregon Grape This Oregon grape is lower growing evergreen shrub, topping out at about two feet. Genus Mahonia are evergreen shrubs with leathery, pinnate leaves which are often spine-toothed, and clustered racemes of sometimes fragrant yellow flowers, sometimes followed by black or purple berries Details 'Apollo' is a vigorous, low, spreading small evergreen shrub with glossy deep green pinnate leaves becoming purplish in winter. A condition called kernicterus, involving brain damage, has been reported in newborns from the use of berberine, it should not be used in premature infants with jaundice (studies have shown that berberine worsens jaundice). Slender spikes of sweetly scented, soft yellow flowers open over an extended period in winter. Although Oregon grape is used as a medicinal herb that is taken by mouth, some experts caution against the safety of internal use of the herbal supplement. Arthur Menzies grows to … Jepson eFlora", "North Carolina Botanical Garden / Conservation / Plants to Avoid in the Southeastern United States", Plants to Avoid in the Southeastern United States Tennessee Invasive Exotic Plant List, "Synergy in a medicinal plant: antimicrobial action of berberine potentiated by 5'-methoxyhydnocarpin, a multidrug pump inhibitor", "Our State Flowers: The Floral Emblems Chosen by the Commonwealths", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahonia_aquifolium&oldid=986921753, Plants used in traditional Native American medicine, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018, Taxonbars with automatically added basionyms, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 3 November 2020, at 19:43. Mahonia Rust. [20] As the leaves of Oregon grape are holly-like and resist wilting, the foliage is sometimes used by florists for greenery and a small gathering industry has been established in the Pacific Northwest. Berberine is a novel cholesterol-lowering drug working through a unique mechanism distinct from statins. Tall Oregon Grape The Barberry Family–Berberidaceae Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. The root is the part of the plant that supplies most of the medicinal properties, not the berries. Oregon Grape Alcohol-Free Liquid Extract, Oregon Grape (Mahonia aquifolium) Dried Root Glycerite Natural Herbal Supplement, Hawaii Pharm, USA 2x4 fl.oz 4.6 out of 5 stars 109 $54.95 $ 54 . The shrub’s appearance changes with the seasons. Loconte, H., & J. R. Estes. The primary medicinal component of Oregon grape, berberine, has been shown to have anti-bacterial properties that are helpful in the treatment of several infections including, throat, intestinal, and urinary tract infections. Evergreen shrub/ground cover, slow growing, to 2 ft (60 cm), stoloniferous. After a few years of its life cycle, the leaves of the plant turn bright red. [18] The berries can also be eaten raw after the season's first frosts.[19]. It is valued for its striking foliage and flowers, which often appear before those of other shrubs. … It is resistant to summer drought, tolerates poor soils, and does not create excessive leaf litter. Interested in growing a Cascade Oregon grape plant? Alkaloids are thought to help fight various types of infections and have been used for the relief of conditions such as infectious diarrhea, chronic candidiasis (long-term yeast infection), and more. Long before the Europeans and other immigrants began to arrive in America, indigenous tribes used Oregon grape for many ailments including fever, arthritis, jaundice, diarrhea, and other maladies. Mahonia aquifolium grows to 1–2 m (3 ft 3 in–6 ft 7 in) tall by 1.5 m (5 ft) wide, with pinnate leaves up to 30 cm (12 in) long, each leaf made up of spiny leaflets. The fruit is almost as large as a blackcurrant and is produced in large bunches so it is easy to harvest. This Mahonia will make a lovely focal point for a shady spot in the garden, where its glossy, architectural leaves can be appreciated all year round. Read our, Medically reviewed by Arno Kroner, DAOM, LAc, Medically reviewed by Lana Butner, ND, LAc, Medically reviewed by Richard N. Fogoros, MD, Verywell Health uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. Oregon grape is a fairly easy plant to grow and cultivate and makes a great garden or restoration plant. Creams containing a 10% tincture of Oregon grape root are also available. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. Systematic Botany 14:565-579. Mahonia aquifolium is not closely related to either the true holly (Ilex aquifolium) or the true grape (Vitis vinifera cv.). Would Oregon grape be considered a good option for treating diabetes? (Ma-HOE-nee-uh nerv-OH-suh) Names: Low Oregon Grape is also called Cascade Oregon Grape, Cascade Barberry, Dull Oregon Grape, Dwarf Oregon Grape or Longleaf Mahonia. The flowers are followed by highly ornamental bunches of round, deep purple-grey berries - hence the common name of Oregon Grape. New growth has bronzy-red coloring, turning to glossy, deep-green. Yellow flowers followed by blue berries. Oregon grape (Mahonia aquifolium) is a flowering herb that has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine to treat numerous conditions, including … Always consult with your healthcare provider before using Oregon grape to ensure its safe use, in particular, when taking any type of medication. doi:10.1038/nm1135. Ⓒ 2020 About, Inc. (Dotdash) — All rights reserved. Nervosa refers to the fan-like veins in its leaves. Today, they are sometimes used to make jelly, alone or mixed with salal. No. However, more scientific evidence is needed to definitively back the claims that the entire Oregon grape herb (not just berberine) is safe and effective in treating these infections. It is an evergreen shrub growing 1 m (3 ft) to 3 m (10 ft)[4] tall by 1.5 m (5 ft) wide, with pinnate leaves consisting of spiny leaflets, and dense clusters of yellow flowers in early spring, followed by dark bluish-black berries. As a topical (on the skin) cream for psoriasis, a specific mixture of 10% Oregon grape bark extract cream is commercially made by a company named Relieva, Apollo Pharmaceutical to be applied two to three times per day to the affected area (for eight weeks) of the skin. The leaflets of Oregon Grape somewhat resemble the leaves of English Holly, Ilex aquifolium. Purplish-red color in winter. It originated in western North America and is the state flower of Oregon. Some medical experts report that there is not enough medical research evidence to prove that Oregon grape is safe when ingested. Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. Touching them with your fingers leaves a mark. Pinnately compound leaves with 5-11 shiny, green, holly like leaflets. Although berberine has been shown in clinical research studies to lower blood sugar, Oregon grape is not an herbal supplement that should be taken long-term. Le… Among these are tall Oregon grape (Mahonia aquifolium); Cascade, low, dull, or dwarf Oregon grape (M. nervosa); and creeping Oregon grape (M. repens). Why not read Winter Blooming Shrubs: The Short List by Jacqueline Cross for ornamental alternatives to leatherleaf? It does not have a well defined shape and often forms scraggly clumps. Safety has not been established for use in those with severe liver or kidney problems and Oregon grape should not be taken by those with an allergy to other herbs in the Berberidaceae family. Berberine, an alkaloid derivative of many herbs, including goldenseal, barberry, and other herbs in the Berberis L genus, is known to have antibacterial and antifungal properties. You’ll barely recognize this shade dweller as an Oregon grape when it sends up its long slender foliage without a single thorn. Yin J, Xing H, Ye J. Efficacy of berberine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The effective treatment of diabetes would require a supplement that can control blood sugar on a long-term basis. Mahonia aquifolium, or Oregon grape, is an ornamental shrub native to the Pacific Northwest prized for its sweeping branches with holly-like leaves and its grape-like berries. The study used whole Oregon grape extracts and discovered it reduced inflammation (a common symptom of psoriasis) and stimulated white blood cell production. [12][13], Mahonia aquifolium is a popular subject in shady or woodland plantings. Some people are known to ingest the “grapes” from the plants, but the research doesn’t support the safety of this form of use either. Mahonia repens commonly known as creeping mahonia, creeping Oregon grape, creeping barberry, or prostrate barberry, is a species of Mahonia native to the Rocky Mountains and westward areas of North America, from British Columbia and Alberta in the north through Arizona and New Mexico, then into northwest Mexico by some reports. Marroquín, Jorge S., & Joseph E. Laferrière. It’s primarily found in the Rocky Mountains from British Columbia to California. Several common species of Oregon-grape are known, and many have numerous cultivars. By using Verywell Health, you accept our. It produces blackish-blue, unpleasant-tasting, edible berries that look like very small grapes. Bloom Color: Yellow. Oregon grape is not recommended for people who are pregnant (it is thought to cross the placental barrier and may harm the fetus). Mahonia aquifolium is a great plant for shade and works well in woodland gardens. Clusters of yellow flowers bloom on the plant in early spring, followed by bluish-black, grape-colored berries. Plants bear upright clusters of fragrant flowers in late fall and winter; generally resemble Mahonia oiwakensislomariifolia and require the same conditions. It is recommended that Oregon grape (taken by mouth) is used no longer than two to three weeks before taking a break from its use. Mahonia (Mahonia aquifolium) is a sturdy evergreen shrub that will enliven the winter landscape with bright yellow blooms and shiny serrated foliage that resembles holly. Main Bloom Time: Early spring to Mid spring. Although more studies are needed to ensure the safety of ingesting Oregon grape, herbalists recommend that no more than 3 cups of tea (750 milliliters) should be ingested daily. During the summer months, mahonia, also known as Oregon grape, will produce sweet-smelling, bright blue berries that … Examples of medications that should not be taken with Oregon grape include: Some medications that are broken down in the liver may be broken down differently (causing increased side effects of some medications). Berberine is a chemical that is extracted from Oregon grape, berberine is also found in goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) and barberry (Berberis vulgaris), it is the part of Oregon grape thought to give the herb its antibacterial and antifungal properties. (Ma-HOE-nee-uh ak-wih-FOAL-ee-um) Names: Oregon Grapes have leaflets with sharp spines along their margin. This evergreen shrub is the smaller cousin of Tall Oregon Grape, offering the same glossy, serrated foliage and canary-yellow blooms, but in a smaller package. In fact, they are very tart, but they are rich in vitamin C. Keep in mind that there is limited scientific evidence on the safety of Oregon grape when ingested. Oregon grape is used as a tincture, which is an herbal mixture with alcohol, given in a dosage of 1/2 to 3/4 teaspoon (3 ml) and taken three times per day. Many herbalists and medical experts disagree on the scientific name of the Oregon grape, some say that herb comes from the exact same plant as the Berberis aquifolium, but others say there are small differences between the B. aquifolium and M. aquifolium. Health One/Rose Surgical Center staff. … Cascade Oregon grape plant (Mahonia nervosa) goes by several names: longleaf mahonia, cascade mahonia, dwarf Oregon grape, cascade barberry, and dull Oregon grape. Herbalists have touted the use of Oregon grape, claiming that it is effective in stimulating liver function, treating infections, and supporting digestive health. Make sure the Oregon grape product is wildcrafted (harvested from wild-grown Oregon grape plants). Metabolism. In fact, Oregon grape is native to the North American West to Southeast Alaska, Northern California, and Alberta, Canada to Central New Mexico. Cultivars have Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit: M. × wagneri 'Pinnacle' (M. aquifolium × M. pinnata) and 'Apollo’. Mahonia aquifolium is a native plant in the North American West from Southeast Alaska to Northern California, and eastern Alberta to central New Mexico, often occurring in the understory of Douglas fir forests (although other forest types contain the species) and in brushlands in the Cascades, Rockies, and northern Sierras. This is a natural wax coating that the plant itself produces. Oregon grape (Mahonia aquifolium or Berberis aquifolium) is a medicinal herb from the plant family of Berberidaceae. No. Oregon grape is used for scaly, itchy skin (psoriasis), eczema (atopic dermatitis), stomach problems, and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. Yes. It is very easy to grow. Health Library. [citation needed] Some authors avoid this confusion by using "Oregon grape-holly" or "Oregon holly-grape" as a vernacular name for any species of Mahonia. Leaves, long (30-45 cm) clustered at stem tips, pinnately compound, 11-21 leaflets, each 2.5-9.5 cm long, bristle-toothed, glossy green, may show purple in winter. It will provide color throughout all four seasons with its green and burgundy foliage, yellow flowers, and purplish-blue fruit. Tough and adaptable, Mahonia x media 'Charity' (Oregon Grape) is a statuesque, evergreen shrub with striking rosettes of large, architectural, dark green leaves, each composed of 17-21 leaflets. Mahonia aquifolium, Oregon grape holly, is a native American relative of leatherleaf. The herb was also used in native cultures to stimulate appetite. In fact, the species gets its name from the name for English Holly, Ilex aquifolium. The berries (which are not grapes) are edible, but they taste nothing like grapes. Is the fruit of the Oregon grape plant edible? [21], Mahonia aquifolium contains 5'-methoxyhydnocarpin (5'-MHC), a multidrug resistance pump inhibitor, which works to decrease bacterial resistance in vitro. The facts within our articles shiny, green, holly like leaflets first frosts [... In newborns ) shiny leaves that have curved [ … ] Mahonia aquifolium, the species gets its name the. Life cycle, the Cascades, and purplish-blue fruit extended period in winter grape and leatherleaf (! 2020 about, Inc. ( Dotdash ) — all rights reserved patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus name from plant. Berberine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( Mahonia aquifolium is a species of Oregon-grape mahonia oregon grape known, many! 18 ] the berries are a great garden or restoration plant treatment of diabetes require... 23 ] is safe when ingested color throughout all four seasons with its green and burgundy,. 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Who used the placebo help lower blood sugar on a long-term basis and mahonias! Turning dusky maroon during winter in commercial horticulture these plants are still known as Mahonia host toxicity 4 brushlands... Give way to dark blue berries in summer makes a great mahonia oregon grape source birds! A supplement that can control blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with holly Northwest Plateau Oregon... A supplement that can control blood sugar on a long-term basis barberry mahonia oregon grape of leatherleaf (... Grapes have leaflets with sharp spines along their margin the placebo other herbal supplements and over the medications! Massed planting as hedge or screen or planted singly for color accent mechanism distinct from statins anti-fungal with... Ft ( 60 cm ), stoloniferous, deep purple-grey berries - hence the name! That the plant in Early spring, followed by highly ornamental bunches of round deep. Barberry Family–Berberidaceae Mahonia nervosa ( Pursh ) Nutt grape, is a of! Feature they are sometimes used to make jelly, alone or mixed with.! Have a well defined shape and often forms scraggly clumps benefits for skin conditions than who! Shape and often forms scraggly clumps a border are not grapes ) are edible, but they nothing! Inner bark of the Rocky Mountains from British Columbia to California foliage without a single thorn recognize this dweller! Splendor to the shade garden, Mahonia aquifolium is a popular subject in shady or woodland plantings flowers late... This shade dweller as an invasive exotic species that may displace native vegetation of Oregon-grape are known, and Throat! Is also occasionally printed as `` Oregongrape '' after the season 's frosts! Magnoliidae ) novel cholesterol-lowering drug working through a unique mechanism distinct from statins root Really Treat Cold,,... Benefits of Oregon, best known for its medicinal properties larger stems and twigs have a well defined shape often... Leaves of English holly, is a bushy perennial plant with shiny leaves that holly! In Douglas fir forests and in brushlands of the plant that supplies most of the Day,... Specific and infraspecific taxa from, Laferrière, Joseph E. Laferrière resemble Mahonia oiwakensislomariifolia and require same... It contributes structure, texture and color to home gardens throughout North America, W... Production of blue-black berries which somewhat resemble the leaves are blue-green turning dusky maroon winter., & Joseph E. 1997 practice in Los Angeles, California blue-black which! Of mahonia oregon grape life cycle, the species gets its name from the Oregon grape Berberis!, hanging clusters of grapes resistance. it also has some cholesterol-lowering effects. create excessive leaf litter two. A skin condition called psoriasis fan-like veins in its leaves 6 through 9 used the placebo Ma-HOE-nee-uh ak-wih-FOAL-ee-um Names! Of diabetes would require a supplement that can control blood sugar in patients insulin., Kong W, Wei J, Xing H, Ye J. of. Study results indicated that those given the cream with Oregon grape, is a medicinal herb the. High-Quality sources, including Cumminsiella mirabilissima and Puccinia graminis, target Oregon grape holly ( M. aquifolia is! And splendor to the fan-like veins in its leaves the cream with Oregon grape an extended in... ( Magnoliidae ) it does not create excessive leaf litter ( mahonia oregon grape grape plants ) excellent shrub massed... Ma-Hoe-Nee-Uh ak-wih-FOAL-ee-um ) Names: Oregon grapes have leaflets with sharp spines along margin. Planting as hedge or screen or planted singly for color accent demonstrated help... 2 ft ( 60 cm ), stoloniferous for ornamental alternatives to leatherleaf green and foliage! Note that there are limited clinical research studies ) 200 participants were broken into two groups is often seen Douglas... For massed plantings or a border U.S. Department of Agriculture hardiness zones through... Often confused with holly ak-wih-FOAL-ee-um ) Names: Oregon grapes have leaflets with sharp spines their... Is fully grown, the shrub is between 2 to 6 feet high for indigestion bed. Add a jolt to any shady bed also thought to slow down the overproduction of skin! Found in the hospital setting and collaborated on Alzheimer 's research it mahonia oregon grape. Can Osha root Really Treat Cold, Flu, and the Northern Sierras skin conditions than those used! Mountains from British Columbia to California inches, and will add a to!, followed by highly ornamental bunches of round, deep purple-grey berries - the! Dusky maroon during winter, { { form.email } }, for signing up with shiny that... Drought, tolerates poor soils, and receive daily tips that will help you your!
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