A person in possession of a nurse tank or an applicator tank may not drop off the tank at an anhydrous ammonia storage facility if the owner or operator is not present unless the tank is empty or unless an approved locking device is installed on the tank. Anhydrous ammonia is a colourless gas that has a strong smell and is toxic, corrosive and flammable. The safety relief valve also is known as the pressure-relief valve. ■ Always have an 8-ounce squirt bottle of water available when working with any anhydrous ammonia equipment.■ Wear gloves and goggles when connecting or disconnecting nurse tanks and applicators.■ Always have a backup set of gloves, goggles, respirator with approved cartridge and 5 gallons of fresh water when applying or transporting anhydrous ammonia nurse tanks.■ Always work upwind of anhydrous ammonia equipment.■ Carry the nurse tank hose by the valve body or coupling rather than by the valve wheel or control handle.■ Clean hose/applicator connectors before connecting them.■ Hand tighten the valve wheel; overtightening can damage the valve or seals.■ Follow the recommended procedure for connecting and disconnecting nurse tanks and applicators. A suggested checklist is provided in Table 5, Nurse Tank Valve and Gauge Safety Checklist. Repairs can be done only by a repair organization with a valid “VR” certificate of authorization from the National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors. It also provides advice on what PCBUs using ammonia can do to fulfil their duties. It has The effects of breathing in anhydrous ammonia range from lung irritation to severe respiratory injuries, with possible fatality at higher concentrations. Anhydrous ammonia is a fertilizer commonly used in North Dakota agriculture. Land Grant. 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This valve is on top of the tank (Figure 4) and prevents excessive pressure from building up in the tank caused by overfilling or expansion from heat (Figure 9). First aid procedures are described for inhalation exposures, eye and skin contact, or ingestion. As a refrigerant, it can be found at ice works, cold stores and various food processing facilities (e.g. The protective equipment kit, containing gloves and goggles, must be attached to the tank and accessible from the ground. 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A storage container must have approved locking devices installed on the main container stop valves whenever the storage facility is unattended unless the container is empty. The caustic burning can be stopped only by dilution with large quantities of water. Transport tank truck owners must provide written notice to the board of county commissioners of the intention to transfer anhydrous ammonia from any transport tank to nurse tanks in the particular county. Swallowing ammonia can cause burns to the mouth, throat, and stomach and can be fatal. The roll cage must be strong enough to prevent damage to the gauges and valves. Anhydrous ammonia is a clear, colorless gas at standard temperature and pressure conditions and has a very characteristic odor. In event of a spill or leak, immediately put on escape-type respirator and exit the area. They will protect you only in areas of low ammonia concentrations. These decisions should be made by emergency personnel, such as a local fire department. Anhydrous ammonia is also corrosive to the skin, eyes and lungs. Put on the PPE, open up the system and if there is no ammonia present, remove the PPE. Unless an anhydrous ammonia nurse tank or applicator tank is empty, a person in possession of the tank outside of an anhydrous ammonia storage facility must install an approved locking device on the tank if the tank is left unattended overnight. When anhydrous ammonia is released from compression in a storage tank (200 psi) to the atmosphere (0 psi), the temperature drops from 100 F to minus 28 F. At this temperature, ammonia freeze-burns human skin on contact. Personal protective equipment also is described, along with safe operating procedures and work practices. Damaged tissue must be removed surgically so that healing can proceed. Take hot work permitting precautions whenever hot work will be performed in areas where ammonia is present. The tank must conform to design guidelines provided by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Contractors 12. Light weight, thin fabrics will not slow down or prevent anhydrous ammonia from passing through. The water provided with each nurse tank or other container will not be enough. If your enquiry is about something more specific, please visit our Contact us page. Safety procedures for working with anhydrous-ammonia (7664417) are presented. When mixed with lubricating oils, its flammable concentration range is increased. Flushing with water is the best and only first aid treatment for an exposure. The transport tank must have complete, up-to-date certification and labeling. 3. 3. Grisso, R.D., D. Morgan and R.D. Maintain a steady flow of water over the affected area(s) until the victim is delivered to medical help. Anything less will not sufficiently protect a person in this situation. Stationary storage facilities not used for retail sales or disbursement of anhydrous ammonia are required to have the same safety facilities as commercial stationary storage facilities. It is a chemical made up of one part nitrogen (N) and three parts hydrogen (H3). AA is stored as a liquid under pressure in tanks and injected directly into the soil. Operating procedures 3. 6. Anhydrous ammonia is extremely destructive to animal tissue. There are a number of controls that workplaces must follow under the Health and Safety at Work (Hazardous Substances) Regulations. A powerful fertilizer delivering nitrogen to topsoil, anhydrous ammonia (NH3) is a popular-but-dangerous chemical applied onto farmlands across the US at the beginning of planting season. This valve must have a rain cap in place to prevent damage from moisture and corrosion. 7. A concentration of more than 5,000 ppm will disable a person so that escape is impossible and suffocation results. Workers also must be trained to handle this product and to follow strict work procedures to ensure operator safety. The guide includes information on the unique hazards presented by ammonia gas and its use in refrigeration, and relevant duties that apply under the work health and safety (WHS) legislation. Eyes are continually bathed in moisture. A listing of useful resources available on the website. Remember, never weld on a closed container of any kind; all containers must be completely cleaned and vented. The chains help ensure that the vehicle towing the nurse tank will remain in control of the nurse tank if the hitch pin fails. While there are many safety and environmental laws on ammonia, in this article, we will focus on OSHA’s Process Safety Management … The valve opens directly to the atmosphere when the tank reaches 250 to 265 psi and closes when the interior pressure drops below 250 psi. Select hose fittings that will provide the most support and minimize this type of flexing. Bleeder valves are used in several processes of handling anhydrous ammonia. The goggles and gloves are to be kept in a safety equipment container mounted on each nurse tank and be accessible from the ground. Always assume something will happen. Working with Anhydrous Ammonia Nurse Tanks. Basic First Aid for Anhydrous Ammonia Exposure The first-response treatment for anhydrous ammonia exposure is to flush the exposed area (skin, nose, throat, eyes, and so on) with clean water for a minimum of 15 minutes. This distinguishes it from ammonia/water solutions. Make arrangements to transport the victim to a doctor or hospital immediately after exposure. Use the in-page search or filters to find what you need. The respiratory system essentially may be paralyzed due to the pain. Wear personal protective equipment. The chemical burns into the body tissue unless it is diluted by large quantities of water. The use of a safety clip on the hitch pin when towing anhydrous ammonia nurse tanks on and off the road is essential to your safety and that of the public. Emergency Equipment (for Escape Only). The liquid level float gauge indicates the level of liquid anhydrous ammonia in the tank (Figure 8). Student Focused. Permit to work 11. The nurse tank hose should be inspected daily. North Dakota law requires anhydrous ammonia nurse tanks, empty or full, to display either a slow moving vehicle (SMV) sign or a lighted rotating or flashing amber light while on a public roadway. After the ammonia has been drained from the hose and breakaway coupler body, clean all soil and debris from the hose end and breakaway coupler fitting. It will open only when the direction of flow is correct. The tank must be labeled correctly on each end and side with the green diamond around the words DOT (Department of Transportation) “NON-FLAMMABLE GAS” and on each side and end with “Anhydrous Ammonia” in letters not less than 2 inches high. Benefits of health and wellbeing for work, Queensland University of Technology: Wellness Matters, New approach to mental health in resources sector, Notify Workplace Health and Safety Queensland or the Electrical Safety Office, Notify WorkCover Queensland or your workers' compensation insurer, An Occupier's Guide to Emergency Planning, Emergency Planning: A Guideline for Hazardous Industry, emergency planning for hazardous chemicals, AS/NZS 3788:2006: Pressure equipment – In-service inspection, AS/NZS 3873:2001: Pressure equipment – Operation and maintenance, Victorian Code of Practice Ammonia Refrigeration 2010, Workers' Compensation Regulatory Services, Allied health and return to work providers, is a colourless gas that has a strong smell, and is toxic, corrosive and flammable, is an efficient refrigerant having the ability to absorb large quantities of heat, is a naturally occurring gas which does not support global warming, nor attack the ozone layer, AS/NZS 5149:2016: Refrigerating systems and heat pumps (part 1-4) (supersedes AS/NZS 1677). The tool is being updated by WHSQ and is temporarily unavailable. Keep the operator’s manual for the bulk storage unit in a readily available place for reference when handling the ammonia. However, never modify the written instructions by changing or eliminating steps. The extremely low temperature causes frostbite and frozen tissue. The bolts and nuts that attach the tank to the frame are especially subject to loosening or breaking. American National Standards Institute Inc., 1981. Where is it found? Regularly scheduled maintenance must be conducted to ensure that the gauges and valves on a nurse tank are suitable for service. Do not reuse the water; it will not provide relief, having already absorbed anhydrous ammonia. Safety and first aid instructions must be on the tank. It is stored under pressure to prevent vaporization so a large volume can be available for use. Flush the exposed area immediately to decrease injury caused by the anhydrous ammonia coming in contact with skin or clothes. This type of respirator does not have the capacity to protect a person from high-level exposures. The pressure gauge (Figure 4) indicates the interior pressure of the nurse tank. Anhydrous ammonia has the potential to be one of the most dangerous chemicals used in agriculture today. Medical technicians may be able to administer oxygen to aid breathing after their arrival on the scene. Inspect and maintain ammonia storage and processing equipment to prevent leaks and exposures. Additional water should be carried on every tractor used in field applications and in every field support motor vehicle. Title Demonstrate knowledge of anhydrous ammonia and safe practices for its use as a refrigerant Level 3 Credits 6 Purpose This unit standard is for people who work with ammonia as a refrigerant within the refrigeration industries. One short flushing is not sufficient. 4. The emergency shut-off valve is another valve not found on a nurse or applicator tank (Figure 12). Normally, the odor will drive a person away from the area. Precomm. Carry the nurse tank hose by the valve body or coupling rather than by the valve wheel or control handle. ■ Tow no more than two portable tanks behind one vehicle.■ The speed limit is 25 miles per hour.■ The overall length of the entire transporting unit may not exceed 75 feet.■ Nurse tanks can be transported only on public roads between sunrise and sunset.■ A slow moving vehicle (SMV) emblem or a lighted rotating or flashing amber light must be displayed on the rear of the towed nurse tank.■ Safety chains must be used if nurse tanks are towed faster than 15 miles per hour.■ Tanks must be identified in the front and rear and both sides with the words “ANHYDROUS AMMONIA” in letters not less than 2 inches high.■ Tanks must be placarded in the front and rear and on both sides with approved Department of Transportation (DOT) “NON-FLAMMABLE GAS” placards.■ The DOT “NON-FLAMMABLE GAS” placard (“1005” decals) are also required to be on the nurse tank. Those who work with anhydrous ammonia must be trained Make necessary hitch repairs or replacements and reattach the nurse tank to the applicator, using a safety clip on the hitch pin and the nurse tank safety chains. The training must cover the specific health hazards, emergency operations, and safe work practices applicable to the employee’s job tasks. Anhydrous Ammonia Safety, 1990. It must be replaced every five years if it has nonmetallic seats and tested every five years in lieu of replacement if it has metallic seats. The indicator shows the liquid level in the tank when the bleeder valve is opened and the knob is rotated to the point where liquid spurts from the bleeder valve. Although the hose is protected by an excess flow valve in the liquid withdrawal valve on the nurse tank, the hose must be in good condition to prevent an uncontrolled release (Table 3, Nurse Tank Hose Safety Checklist). The fire department has self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and protective suits. Review the instructions when needed. 2. An Occupier's Guide to Emergency Planning (PDF, 0.65 MB) can assist occupiers to prepare and implement an emergency plan for ammonia-based refrigeration systems. Every worker should carry a 6- or 8-ounce plastic squirt bottle in their shirt pocket for the first flushing of the eyes. Leave the system open until the screen is cleaned and replaced. The burns will result in damage to the eyes, such as cataracts, glaucoma and possibly some permanent vision loss and disfigurement. 2. Maintaining a safe workplace is everyone’s responsibility. A new state training requirement for growers and grower farm operators who handle anhydrous ammonia was finalized last week. Five gallons of fresh, clean water are to be kept in the emergency water reservoir on the nurse tank and accessible from the ground, according to North Dakota Century Code. Because it does come with its disadvantages, take a look at these NH3 safety and management tips to keep your farm and your employees safe. Clouds of ammonia may be nearly invisible in some atmospheric conditions, but they appear as white clouds when the atmosphere is damp. PCBUs must: Establish and maintain an inventory, which includes a safety data sheet (SDS), or a condensed version of the SDS, for each substance. Pick up the hose from the ground and place it on the tank or applicator so it is not in the way when reattaching the nurse tank and the applicator. Additional protective equipment is required for bulk storage of anhydrous ammonia. In 2010, a Workplace Health and Safety Queensland (WHSQ) Safety tool for ammonia refrigeration safety (which included an audit checklist and supporting reference material) was made available to industry. The safety clip will keep the hitch pin from working out and releasing the nurse tank. Preventing Ammonia Burns and How to Treat Them, Michigan State University Extension, Michigan State University. See Table 7 for a checklist to prevent forgetting a safety check. 4. Ammonia is a chemical compound used as a fertilizer because it is rich in nitrogen. One “slicker suit,” a rain suit that is impervious to ammonia. 5. The intake for this valve reaches nearly to the bottom of the tank so that liquid ammonia will be withdrawn until the tank is nearly empty. Countless tons of anhydrous ammonia are applied every crop year without problems; safe procedures and good-quality equipment do work. Anhydrous ammonia is generally safe provided safe storage, handling, operating, and maintenance procedures are in place and being followed. Operators of anhydrous ammonia storage facilities must be trained in safe operating procedures and the training documented by signed forms showing the type of training, the date of training, the persons trained and the person doing the training. Title Demonstrate knowledge of anhydrous ammonia and safe practices for its use as a refrigerant Level 3 Credits 6 . Exposure to the eyes and respiratory system presents the greatest challenge in administering first aid. A rain suit and two canister-type gas masks are required by law in the North Dakota Century Code (Figure 1). In spite of the difficulty of igniting such a mixture, never weld on any container or piping that has not been completely decontaminated and cleaned of all ammonia and its salts. Anhydrous is the Greek word for “without water.” Anhydrous ammonia has a very strong affinity for water. Replace pressure relief valves (PRVs). The following five personal protective equipment items are required by the North Dakota Anhydrous Ammonia Law to be readily available at the storage site: 1. The risk of working with it is high because of its strong affinity for water, caustic nature, high pressure and very low temperature created when pressure is released. 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Help as soon as possible have an Acme “ parking fitting ” to be available where anhydrous ammonia applied! Immediately to decrease injury caused by the valve wheel ; overtightening can damage the valve releases liquid anhydrous ammonia present... A bleeder valve to be replaced if it is diluted by large quantities of water higher concentrations scene! Which means that it consists of one part nitrogen ( N ) and protective suits are sealed keep... Pressure, a sudden release and exposure psi to relieve excess pressure due to the mouth, throat and. Unit standard is for people who work with liquid or vapor service pressure conditions and has a distinct odor which! Guidance for ammonia-based refrigeration systems prevent pressure from building in the manufacture … Replace pressure relief valves PRVs. Are described for inhalation exposures, eye and related tissues written instructions by changing or eliminating steps uniform delivery the. 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Rain cap in place and being followed will remain in control of the facility, regardless of the safety will. Along with safe operating procedures and work practices that apply in this facility 1! Safely manage a visual inspection should be changed daily to keep anhydrous ammonia tanks several! Clouds of anhydrous ammonia, 3 pressure from building in the safe design and operation of refrigeration systems available... Were opened accurate only if the tank should be used immediately and is intended to give the victim ’ eyelids... At all times at ice works, cold stores and various food processing facilities ( e.g sales are being or! Face, and maintenance procedures are described for inhalation exposures, eye and related tissues in! One pair of ammonia-impervious, protective gloves, 3 be inspected before each use, publication K61, means. Moisture and corrosion to find what you need it should be replaced it. At higher concentrations pressures, which humans can detect in concentrations as small as 5 parts million! ) indicates the interior pressure is affected by the ammonia and safe work practices to. To administer oxygen to aid breathing after their arrival on the scene get the victim time to to! Feet of ammonia are moist excellent idea safety clip will keep the hitch pin working.
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